Python supports duck-typing, but it will not work on built-in types. forbiddenfruit allows adding or overwrite functions of built-in types such as int or str.

The extract function copies the local variables from the current function frame into the existing Jupyter session. If the Python code crashes, you can enter the debugger with the %debug magic and then use the extract function to copy the variables from the function frame into the Jupyter session. The variables can now be properly inspected, e.g., plotted.

The original URI above contains more details how to use this post-mortem debugging.

def extract(source=None):
    """Copies the variables of the caller up to iPython. Useful for debugging.

    .. code-block:: python

        def f():
            x = 'hello world'
            extract()

        f() # raises an error

        print(x) # prints 'hello world'

    """
    import inspect
    import ctypes 

    if source is None:
        frames = inspect.stack()
        caller = frames[1].frame
        name, ls, gs = caller.f_code.co_name, caller.f_locals, caller.f_globals
    elif hasattr(source, '__func__'):
        func = source.__func__
        name, ls, gs = func.__qualname__, (func.__closure__ or {}), func.__globals__
    elif hasattr(source, '__init__'):
        func = source.__init__.__func__
        name, ls, gs = func.__qualname__, (func.__closure__ or {}), func.__globals__
    else:
        raise ValueError(f'Don\'t support source {source}')

    ipython = [f for f in inspect.stack() if f.filename.startswith('<ipython-input')][-1].frame

    ipython.f_locals.update({k: v for k, v in gs.items() if k[:2] != '__'})
    ipython.f_locals.update({k: v for k, v in ls.items() if k[:2] != '__'})

    # Magic call to make the updates to f_locals 'stick'.
    # More info: https://pydev.blogspot.co.uk/2014/02/changing-locals-of-frame-frameflocals.html
    ctypes.pythonapi.PyFrame_LocalsToFast(ctypes.py_object(ipython), ctypes.c_int(0))

    message = 'Copied {}\'s variables to {}'.format(name, ipython.f_code.co_name)
    raise RuntimeError(message)

• https://play.rust-lang.org/
  • The Rust playground.
• https://www.rustexplorer.com/
  • Rust playground with the top 10k crates.
• https://repl.it/languages
  • REPLs for many languages.
• https://www.tutorialspoint.com/codingground.htm
  • Programming playgrounds for a wide variety of languages.
• https://jvns.ca/blog/2023/04/17/a-list-of-programming-playgrounds/
  • Curated list of programming playgrounds.
• https://dev.java/playground/
  • The Java Playground

• Comprehensive Python Cheatsheet
  A really comprehensive guide covering all areas and even third-party libraries.

  GitHub

Format string overview for the old and new format string syntax in Python. It shows for each thing you might want to perform, the old syntax (if existing), the new syntax and the output.

Python has some gotchas that are good to know. The Python documentation has a whole page dedicated to non-intuitive and problematic behavior in Python, for example regarding mutable default arguments.

It contains a comprehensive list of tutorials, ranging from beginner to advanced. Moreover, it contains community interviews with well-known Python users, a list of Python books and quizzes.

A practical, continuously updated, handbook which provides insight into how to use Python, both as a beginner and as an expert.

angr is a python framework for analyzing binaries. It combines both static and dynamic symbolic ("concolic") analysis, making it applicable to various tasks.

pdoc is a Python API documentation generation, which turns doc-strings and type annotations into a simple and elegant documentation.

pdoc auto-generates API documentation that follows your project's Python module hierarchy. It requires no configuration, has first-class support for type annotations, cross-links between identifiers, comes with an integrated live-reloading web server, uses customizable HTML templates, understands numpydoc and Google-style docstrings, and is permissively licensed.

wtfpython is a collection of unintuitive Python snippets. Due to implementation details, some Python code does not behave obvious. The repository contains many such snippets and explains why the behavior occurs.